http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x

Haplogroup F (Y-DNA) (P14, M213) [3-14%]
 

Haplogroup (Y-DNA) G (M201) [30-31%]
It is a branch of Haplogroup F (M89), and is theorized to have originated, according to the latest thinking, in the Near East, and began to spread with the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution, perhaps with the appearance of the early horse nomads of the Eurasian steppe.

Haplogroup G (M201) (in many ethnic groups in Eurasia and Oceana; most common in the Caucasus and Anatolia; in Europe mainly in Sardinia, northern Italy, northern Spain, the Tyrol, as well as Bohemia, Moravia; Britain and Norway at only 2%)

Haplogroup G has an overall low frequency in most populations but is widely distributed within the Old World in Europe, western Asia, the Middle East, northeastern Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia (including parts of China). It is most frequent in the Caucasus (found at over 60% in ethnic North Ossetian males and ~30% in Georgian males). In Europe, haplogroup G is found at ~5% in central and southern sections of the continent. It has relatively high concentrations in the Catalan-speaking region of northern Sardinia (over 25%) and the Tyrol region of Austria (about ~15%).

The initial distribution of haplogroup G in Europe may reflect a migration of agriculture-bringing Anatolian people into the Mediterranean Basin. The haplogroup may also have been brought by invading Sarmatians, Alans and Jasz (all descendant groups of the 'Iranian' Scythians), which is a good fit with the historically attested spread of these peoples across the Central Asian steppe, from Xinjiang in the east to Iberia and Tunisia in the west, with a branch (the Sakas) entering the northwest of the Indian subcontinent at the start of the first millennium.

	Haplogroup J2 is widely believed to be associated with the spread of agriculture from Anatolia [1],[2]. This connection is supported by its age (8,500 +/- 3,500 thousand years ago) [2], which is very close to the beginning of the Neolithic, its distribution, which is centered in West Asia and Southeastern Europe, as well as its association with the presence of Neolithic archaeological artifacts, such as figurines and painted pottery [3]. Haplogroup J2 is present especially in ethnic groups resident in or originating from Southern Europe, Anatolia, the Levant (Israel, Lebanon), northern Mesopotamia (Kurdistan), the South Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia), Central Asia, and South Asia: for example, Muslim Kurds (28.4%), Central Turks (27.9%), Georgians (26.7%), Iraqis (25.2%), Lebanese (25%), Ashkenazi Jews (23.2%), and Sephardi Jews (28.6%). J2 is not regularly found in Semitic-speaking populations of Africa (such as the Amhara and Tigrinya in Ethiopia) (Semino et al. 2004). However, J2 has been found to encompass several subhaplogroups (22 subhaplogroups, including 12 that have high frequencies) that originated or expanded in different regions: Italy, the Balkans, the Aegean, Anatolia (Kurds and Turkey), the Caucasus (Georgia), and Somalia (see ref: Semino et al. 2004). Haplogroup J2 has often been considered a genetic marker of Anatolian Neolithic agriculturalists. It is also very frequent in the Balkans (Greeks 20.6%, Albanians 19.6%) and in southern Italy (16.7-29.1%). Its frequency rapidly drops in the Carpathian basin (Croatians 6.2%, Hungarians 2.0%, Ukrainians 7.3%). A significant presence of J2 (J2b2+J2a) was also detected in western and south-western India (the highest being 21% among Dravidian middle castes, followed by upper castes, 18.6%, and lower castes 14%; Sengupta et al. 2006). Haplogroup J2 is found frequently in Greece and Italy [4], in Lebanon, in Iraq [2], in Turkey [1], and in the Caucasus region [5]. J2 (M-172) is divided into eight sub-Haplogroups defined by mutations M12/M102, M47, M67/M92, M68, M137, M158, M339, and M340, four of which occur at informative frequencies.  In Italy, one of the European countries with the highest frequencies of J2, it has been found in the remains of ancient Etruscans,[citation needed] who spoke a non-Indo-European language of unknown affinity. Another important fact about the distribution of Haplogroup J2 is that it appears to have dispersed from a Middle Eastern homeland to the west through a primarily maritime or littoral route, as it is found in high concentrations among the populations of the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea in both Eurasia and Africa, and particularly along the coasts of the eastern Mediterranean in Europe. This distribution may be more consonant with a Neolithic or post-Neolithic maritime dispersal from the Middle East, such as through Phoenician[citation needed] commercial and colonial activities, or even through Greek colonization.Turkey is one of the countries with major J2 population. About 25% of Turkish men are J2 according to a recent study [1]. Combined with J1, one third of the total population of Turkish people belongs to Haplogroup J.     J* M172 172* 158 12* 102* 280 47 67* 92* 327 68 Turkish (Konya) 17.8 .8 .8 3.1 4.6 .8 Georgian 8.9 2.2 13.3 2.2 Balkarian 12.5 6.3 6.3 Greek 4.3 6.5 2.2 4.3 3.3 Italian (north-central Italy) 5.8 9.6 9.6 1.9

Haplogroup R is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, a subgroup of haplogroup P, associated with the M207 mutation. It is believed to have occurred somewhere in Northwest Asia between 30,000 and 35,000 years ago. However, most of the rare forms of Haplogroup R chromosomes, as well as most cases of the closely related Haplogroup Q, are found among populations of Central Asia, South Asia, Australia, Siberia, Native Americans, and Cameroon.

Distribution of R1a (purple) and R1b (red), after McDonald (2005). See also this map for distribution in Europe.

Anatolian and
Trans-Caucasus Populations, Archaeogenetics: DNA and the Population ehistory of Europe, McDonald Institute Monographs, 2002, page 223. The highest figure is 31.7% in Georgians sampled have haplogroup K mtDNA. Next are Armenians sampled with 27.8% haplogroup K mtDNA. Following are Turks with 24.7%, and Siena, Italy samples, Tuscans, Saradinians, French, and Albanian samples with 35.8% haplogroup K mtDNA.

Analysis of the mtDNA of Ötzi the Iceman, the frozen mummy from 3300 BC found on the Austrian-Italian border, has shown that Ötzi belongs to the K1 subcluster of the mitochondrial haplogroup K, but that it cannot be categorized into any of the three modern branches of that subcluster.

Haplogroup J (previously known as HG9 or Eu9/Eu10
Haplogroup R1b (M343) (previously called Hg1 and Eu18)
T (Haplogroup Eu10) or G (Haplogroup Eu9)
Haplogroup R1b (M343) (previously called Hg1 and Eu18)
Haplogroup R1a1 aka Haplogroup 3 (Eu19) - Haplotype 8
Haplogroup G (which also overlaps with EU11)

Eu1 (M13 = A3b2)
Eu4 (M35 = E3b1)
Eu6 (RPS4 = C)
Eu7 (M170 = IxI1b1b)
Eu8 (M26 = I1b1b)
Eu9 (M172 = J2)
Eu10 (M89 = FxGIJ2K)
Eu11 (M201 = G)
Eu15 (M70 = K2)
Eu18 (M173 = R1xR1a)
Eu21 (M124 = R2)

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup X is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup which can be used to define genetic populations. The genetic sequences of haplogroup X diverged originally from haplogroup N, and subsequently further diverged about 20,000 to 30,000 years ago to give two sub-groups, X1 and X2. Overall haplogroup X accounts for about 2% of the population of Europe, the Near East and North Africa. Sub-group X1 is much less numerous, and restricted to North and East Africa, and also the Near East. Sub-group X2 appears to have undergone extensive population expansion and dispersal around or soon after the last glacial maximum, about 21,000 years ago. It is more strongly present in the Near East, the Caucasus, and Mediterranean Europe; and somewhat less strongly present in the rest of Europe. Particular concentrations appear in Georgia (8%),

 

X2e	Georgia, Kyrgyz, Altai	X2	X2	15310
X2f	South Caucasus